In this situation, if you turn left, do you have the right of way over the cyclist going straight?

A driver turning left at a junction is obliged to give way to a vehicle approaching from the opposite direction and proceeding straight ahead. A cyclist is a fully-fledged road user, and in this situation, they are going straight, which is why they have priority over you. This follows directly from the provisions of Art. 25 para. 1 of the Road Traffic Act.